The Archive of Economic and Social History of the Institute of Mediterranean Studies consists of archival material related to the economic policy of the Greek state during the post-war years, economic archives of the dictatorship of 1967-74, private archival collections related to Greek industrial and shipping companies of the tenth ninth and twentieth century, themes of the history of cities in Greece during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Its total size exceeds 50,000 items (including: official notes, financial reports, correspondence, financial and official business documents). In addition, IMS has archival material from previous programs in Russian, especially (but also in Turkish, English, French and Italian) for the port cities of the Black Sea.

N.I. Collection Makarezou
The digital copy of the archive collection of Nikolaos I. Makarezos, a product of a family donation, contains various administrative and financial documents (official notes, financial reports, etc.), administrative and service correspondence, incoming and outgoing letters, press releases, etc. The economic policy of the Greek state, the Greek Diaspora, etc. The majority of the documents concern the seven-year dictatorship, and consequently the 1960s and 1970s. The total of the digitized files amounts to about 450 files containing more than 25,000 documents.

Collection of financial records from the period of the dictatorship (1967-1974)
The collection covers the entire period of the dictatorship of the colonels with three main sections: The first section contains economic and statistical data that shed light on aspects of the economic policy of the period, with emphasis on budgeting, fiscal policy, industrialization and public works . The second includes information on regional policy, local issues and local government organization. The third section includes cabinet minutes and documents on the fiscal situation, oil policy, Greek-Turkish competition, as well as official notes, reports and studies on various other issues.

Collection of Evrydiki Sifneos
The Collection of Evrydiki Sifneos (1957–2015), director of research of the National Research Foundation, includes the archives of the commercial and shipping house of the Sifneos brothers, based in Constantinople and Piraeus. The material of the collection is a product donated by the family, and, among other things, includes financial documents and records related to the family businesses, shares, commercial and private correspondence of the family. The archival collection covers the activities of three generations of the Sifnaios family, from the 1840s to the 1940s. Utilizing material from the collection, Evrydiki Sifneos wrote the book Έλληνες έμποροι στην Αζοφική. Η δύναμη και τα όρια της οικογενειακής επιχείρησης [Greek merchants in the Azov. The power and limits of the family business], Institute of Modern Greek Research, National Research Foundation, 2009.

Sotiris Sofianopoulos Collection (CHROPEI industry)
The archive collection of Sotiris Sofianopoulos (CHROPEI), a product donated by the family, contains about 400 folders with corporate correspondence, financial and official documents of CHROPEI, tables of chemical analyzes, technical studies, brochures, press clippings, etc. The time frame of the report documents are the 1960s and 1970s. The file is under classification.